IAS CSAT Paper 2 Expected Questions 2021 – Reading Comprehension | How to Comprehend? UPSC Set 1
Published at : September 30, 2021
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Every business strives to increase its productivity, for this increases profits for the owners and the likelihood that the business will survive. But not all efforts to increase productivity are beneficial to the business as a whole. Often, attempts to increase productivity decrease the number of employees, which clearly harms the dismissed employees as well as the sense of security of the retained employees.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the economist’s argument?
(A) If an action taken to secure the survival of a business fails to enhance the welfare of the business’s employees, that action cannot be good for the business as a whole.
(B) Some measures taken by a business to increase productivity fail to be beneficial to the business as a whole.
(C) Only if the employees of a business are also its owners will the interests of the employees and owners coincide, enabling measures that will be beneficial to the business as a whole.
(D) There is no business that does not make efforts to increase its productivity.
(E) Decreasing the number of employees in a business undermines the sense of security of retained employees.
Scientist: Earth’s average annual temperature has increased by about 0.5 degrees Celsius over the last century. This warming is primarily the result of the buildup of minor gases in the atmosphere, blocking the outward flow of heat from the
planet. Which one of the following, if true, would count as evidence against the scientist’s explanation of Earth’s warming?
(A) Only some of the minor gases whose presence in the atmosphere allegedly resulted in the phenomenon described by the scientist were produced by industrial pollution.
(B) Most of the warming occurred before 1940, while most of the buildup of minor gases in the atmosphere occurred after 1940.
(C) Over the last century, Earth received slightly more solar radiation in certain years than it did in others.
(D) Volcanic dust and other particles in the atmosphere reflect much of the Sun’s radiation back into space before it can reach Earth’s surface.
(E) The accumulation of minor gases in the atmosphere has been greater over the last century than at any other time in Earth’s history.
An undergraduate degree is necessary for appointment to the board. Further, no one with a felony conviction can be appointed to the board. Thus, Mahesh, an accountant with both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree, cannot be accepted for the position of Administrator, since he has a felony conviction.
The argument’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
(A) Anyone with a master’s degree and without a felony conviction is eligible for appointment to the board.
(B) Only candidates eligible for appointment to the board can be accepted for the position of Administrator.
(C) An undergraduate degree is not necessary for acceptance for the position of Administrator.
(D) If Mahesh did not have a felony conviction, he would be accepted for the position of Administrator.
(E) The felony charge on which Mahesh was convicted is relevant to the duties of the position of Administrator
Proponents of the electric car maintain that when the technical problems associated with its battery design are solved, such cars will be widely used and, because they are emission-free, will result in an abatement of the environmental degradation caused by auto emissions. But unless we dam more rivers, the electricity to charge these batteries will come from nuclear or coal-fired power plants. Each of these three power sources produces considerable environmental damage. Thus, the electric car _______.
Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?
(A) will have worse environmental consequences than its proponents may believe
(B) will probably remain less popular than other types of cars
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Every business strives to increase its productivity, for this increases profits for the owners and the likelihood that the business will survive. But not all efforts to increase productivity are beneficial to the business as a whole. Often, attempts to increase productivity decrease the number of employees, which clearly harms the dismissed employees as well as the sense of security of the retained employees.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the economist’s argument?
(A) If an action taken to secure the survival of a business fails to enhance the welfare of the business’s employees, that action cannot be good for the business as a whole.
(B) Some measures taken by a business to increase productivity fail to be beneficial to the business as a whole.
(C) Only if the employees of a business are also its owners will the interests of the employees and owners coincide, enabling measures that will be beneficial to the business as a whole.
(D) There is no business that does not make efforts to increase its productivity.
(E) Decreasing the number of employees in a business undermines the sense of security of retained employees.
Scientist: Earth’s average annual temperature has increased by about 0.5 degrees Celsius over the last century. This warming is primarily the result of the buildup of minor gases in the atmosphere, blocking the outward flow of heat from the
planet. Which one of the following, if true, would count as evidence against the scientist’s explanation of Earth’s warming?
(A) Only some of the minor gases whose presence in the atmosphere allegedly resulted in the phenomenon described by the scientist were produced by industrial pollution.
(B) Most of the warming occurred before 1940, while most of the buildup of minor gases in the atmosphere occurred after 1940.
(C) Over the last century, Earth received slightly more solar radiation in certain years than it did in others.
(D) Volcanic dust and other particles in the atmosphere reflect much of the Sun’s radiation back into space before it can reach Earth’s surface.
(E) The accumulation of minor gases in the atmosphere has been greater over the last century than at any other time in Earth’s history.
An undergraduate degree is necessary for appointment to the board. Further, no one with a felony conviction can be appointed to the board. Thus, Mahesh, an accountant with both a bachelor’s and a master’s degree, cannot be accepted for the position of Administrator, since he has a felony conviction.
The argument’s conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
(A) Anyone with a master’s degree and without a felony conviction is eligible for appointment to the board.
(B) Only candidates eligible for appointment to the board can be accepted for the position of Administrator.
(C) An undergraduate degree is not necessary for acceptance for the position of Administrator.
(D) If Mahesh did not have a felony conviction, he would be accepted for the position of Administrator.
(E) The felony charge on which Mahesh was convicted is relevant to the duties of the position of Administrator
Proponents of the electric car maintain that when the technical problems associated with its battery design are solved, such cars will be widely used and, because they are emission-free, will result in an abatement of the environmental degradation caused by auto emissions. But unless we dam more rivers, the electricity to charge these batteries will come from nuclear or coal-fired power plants. Each of these three power sources produces considerable environmental damage. Thus, the electric car _______.
Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?
(A) will have worse environmental consequences than its proponents may believe
(B) will probably remain less popular than other types of cars
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